list the accessory organs of the digestive system

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. There are several organs that have a role in the digestive process, yet are not part of the digestive tract. Six salivary glands, located around the oral cavity,... 2. This breaks down fats to some degree though is not as efficient as the pancreatic lipase.

[5] It covers the cheeks, inner surfaces of the lips, and floor of the mouth, and the mucin produced is highly protective against tooth decay. Blood that is rich in nutrients from the digestive tract is carried to the liver by the hepatic portal vein.

The soft palate is muscular, curves downwards from the posterior end of the hard palate, and blends with the walls of the pharynx at the sides.

In this manner it prevents food from going into the trachea and instead directs it to the esophagus, which is behind. Cholesterol and bile pigments from the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted from the body in the bile.

[10]:1751, The liver is the second largest organ (after the skin) and is an accessory digestive gland which plays a role in the body's metabolism. The teeth are named after their particular roles in the process of mastication—incisors are used for cutting or biting off pieces of food; canines, are used for tearing, premolars and molars are used for chewing and grinding. (11th edition). Diseases and conditions that can affect the salivary glands include infections, obstructions, cancer, mumps and Sjogren's syndrome.

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Defaecation involves involuntary contraction of the muscle of the rectum and relaxation of the internal anal sphincter.

The undigested food is then pushed to the colon. At either side of the soft palate are the palatoglossus muscles which also reach into regions of the tongue. This disease can have complications if an inflamed diverticulum bursts and infection sets in.

This is why it is sometimes known as the 'graveyard of red blood cells'. A cadaver image of the gall bladder from Stony Brook University School of Medicine.

The lower gastrointestinal tract (GI), includes the small intestine and all of the large intestine. Pancreatic juice drains through the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) into the common bile duct and then into the small intestine. It is located between the rectum and the anus. When it reaches the duodenum, pancreatic enzymes break down the glycoprotein and free the vitamin which then binds with intrinsic factor. The muscular layer of the body is of smooth muscle tissue that helps the gallbladder contract, so that it can discharge its bile into the bile duct.

Emmy Ludwig, MD, is board-certified in gastroenterology and hepatology. This rotation also affects the part of the gastrointestinal tube immediately below the stomach, which will go on to become the duodenum.

[42], During the fourth week of development, the stomach rotates.

In the stomach the gastric phase of digestion takes place. [10]:1465 Muscles in the pharynx push the food into the esophagus. Lipase is a digestive enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids (fats).

The upper and lower ends of the esophagus are closed by sphincter muscles. It is the largest gland in the body. The resulting alkaline fluid mix neutralises the gastric acid which would damage the lining of the intestine.

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